Using different currency units available in Solidity when writing smart contracts — In this article, we will learn the basics of Ether Units in Solidity. We will look at how to specify ether denominations like wei , gwei and ether and the different options available for declaring values suffixed with one of these Ether denominations. Table of Contents Introduction to Ethers Currency Units Ethers…

Walk through the inner working of constant variables in Solidity — In this article, we will look at constant and immutable, their properties, visibilities, padding rules, the types allowed, and different ways of using them with examples from the LUKSO smart contracts in depth. Table of Contents Basics of Constant and Immutables How Constant and Immutables Are Placed in the Contract Bytecode? Padding Rules…

Understanding the structure and behaviour of a smart contract’s bytecode — Part 5 of the “All About Data Locations” subseries. This article focuses on the last data locations of the EVM that are accessible in Solidity: the bytecode of a smart contract. We will look at most aspects of a contract’s bytecode at the architecture level. This includes some detailed explanations…

Exploring the EVM stack machine, and how pushing and popping this in and out of the stack work. — This is Part IV of the “All About Data Locations” subseries. In today’s article, we will look at the fourth data location of the EVM: the stack. We use it all of the time in Solidity when we assign values to variables, but how does the EVM stack work under…

Understanding the “data” field of an Ethereum transaction in Solidity — This is Part III of the “All About Data Locations” sub-series. Today, we will learn the specificities of the calldata and why you should privilege it over other data locations like memory. We will use the code examples from the Gnosis safe contract to understand the three EVM opcodes related…

Understanding the short term memory of the EVM — This is Part II of the “All About Data Locations” sub-series. We will learn the layout of the EVM memory, its reserved spaces, the free memory pointer, how to use memory references to read and write from/to memory and the conventional best practices when working with memory. We will use…

Diving into storage references and smart contract storage layout. — This is Part I of the “All About Data Locations” sub-series. In today's article, we cover in more detail an important data location in the EVM: the smart contract storage. We will see how the layout of the contract storage works, storage references. how to write to the contract storage…

A deep dive into storage, memory, and calldata — This is a long, detailed, and in-depth read. But don’t be afraid. Settle in with a nice coffee or your favourite drink. It will all be fine. See the “Table of Contents” section below to jump into the section you are interested in. Today, we explore a new and essential…

This is a summary of all the symbols in the Ethereum Yellow Paper. To be used as a reference for anyone looking to build an Ethereum…